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A party thinks that, thanks to the hydraulic fracturing method, natural gas development boom led to the American energy to change, reducing dependence on foreign energy for, and created the domestic employment opportunities; The other party think, hydraulic fracturing method is will sand, water and chemicals into pages to extract the process of rock layers of natural gas, the process of large water consumption, and has the poisonous, will be a toxic chemical pump into the land, polluted air and water, and also to human beings, wild animals and agricultural production brought harm. Two completely opposite views let hydraulic fracturing method has become a focus of dispute.
Hydraulic fracturing method, i.e. using high pressure of water, sand and chemicals underground drilling into the mixture through, the page for hydraulic broken rock, which will be one of the oil or gas reserves to release mining method. This method provides a lot of oil and gas production, but at the same time every year produced water quantity is impressive. These water mixed with hydrocarbons and other chemicals, TianRanShui and fracturing Wells with gas in return to the rest of the surface with hydraulic fluid, etc. This technology in use a lot of fresh water resources at the same time, it produced a considerable amount to deal with the waste water. This sparked public and industry concerns.
According to the statistics, nearly U.S. oil and natural gas well produced each year mouth of produced water reached 210, more than barrels.
Many experts say, developed a series of water treatment technology, the greatest degree for water treatment process of economic rationality, and according to mine in the different phases of the life cycle of water cycle different needs of hydraulic fracturing method is sustainable progress an important factor.
According to the leading global company veolia water company provide the relevant materials to the reporter, according to the law of hydraulic fracturing use water surface water and groundwater, including drinking water, the utilization rate of groundwater general than of 45% to 90%. A shale gas well drilling, need to cost 1.2 million to 3.5 million gallons of water, and water demand higher fracturing, want to accord with certain water quality requirements, to avoid corrosive, want to match with the operation process, etc. In addition, hydraulic fracturing method backflow water, namely waste
After many years of research and development testing, veolia company has patented technology, precision skills to deal with shale gas production process of waste water or to produce recycling, continue to extraction of natural gas or wastewater to deal with again, used for other use, so as to reduce the waste water quantity and pollution of water storage.
In California in the holy aldor shale gas project project, chevron and veolia wastewater reuse is cooperation, veolia for this project provides set technological process design, foundation engineering, equipment procurement and construction management is one of the turnkey project, effectively improve the recycling of produced water level.
Holy aldor program was originally produced water water temperature is 99.3 degrees Celsius, each unit to the water out of the containing 25 PPM scattered oil, 80 PPM of carbon content, 240 PPM's hard thing and 6500 PPM total dissolved solids.
To achieve water requirement: always dissolved solids less than 510 PPM, boron less than 0.64 PPM, the water hard thing such as calcium carbonate less than 2 PPM, the recycling 75% of produced water, veolia support the following solutions. One is the processing steps, rely mainly on the patent OPUS scattered oil separation technology, improve the quality of produced water, and, through a series of softening procedures, the use of steam generator (OTSG) to supply water. 2 it is scattered oil separation system, including induction gas floatation system and filtration system, will spread the oil content decrease to within 0.5 PPM. 3 it is through the OPUS technology, including many kinds of processing steps such as heat transfer, in addition to gas, chemical softening, media filtration, ion exchange softening, two-way reverse osmosis system and so on, so that the wastewater quality has improved significantly.And, this produces in the process of solid material were also dehydration, and placed in a landfill. 4 it is series softening system, including two levels of strong acid cation softener, reduce the water hardness, to meet the requirements.
In order to save water and reduce the cost of homework, halliburton company has introduced a CleanWave water treatment technology innovation solutions. The technology which has solved the problem of many years operating company, processing or repeated use of the oil and gas production created during the great number of wastewater, and are economically feasible proof. This technology is in 2011 the United States international oil and natural gas in the exhibition is considered a leading innovative solutions.
The United States Arizona hydration technology innovation company (HTI) is a very active in the field of enterprise. The company's osmosis filtration application in the development of oil and gas drilling in wastewater treatment, by osmosis membrane will of the salts of extraction solution and wastewater separation, such already can recycling exploration and process consumed in of fresh water, and reduce the overall exploitation of oil and gas carbon footprint.
In view of the significance of hydraulic fracturing method, the energy department subordinate to the country's energy technology laboratory (NETL) also try to find a solution to the fracturing produced during the way of wastewater treatment. Last August, the national energy technology laboratory, announced in 3 years to Colorado, New York and Texas shale gas, the project paid $10.3 million research and development aid. Accept money enterprise must also be in the total cost of take out $6.7 million as a investment. In the national energy technology under the supervision of the laboratory, the project will test for new water purification membrane, and the current cementing evaluation measures.