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Shale gas revolution has greatly reduced the U.S. energy foreign rely on, also make the depths energy predicament in China with the development of unconventional gas enthusiasm.
Unconventional natural gas mainly includes the coalbed methane (CBM), dense gas, shale gas and natural gas hydrate. As early as a few years ago, China has started to develop CBM, dense gas is divided to conventional oil and gas exploration and with statistics and, so far, has the development for many years. But, because of development train of thought, policy, technology, and the natural gas in China's energy structure proportion is too light and other reasons, unconventional natural gas in our country has been developed tepid.
The United States shale gas development, then let China begin to realize/be aware of the great potential of unconventional natural gas. Since 2011, the state policy PinChu, approved shale gas for independent minerals, come on stage shale gas "1025" planning, and successively two times in shale gas exploration right tender, eager love sees one spot.
However, in recently by the China energy association 2012 unconventional gas summit, the reporter was caught another kind of voice. Some of the experts urged, shale gas development must not blindly copy "the American model", and should be from the actual situation, the more important is to establish the shale gas, coal-bed methane commercial development system, make China unconventional gas to sustainable development.
"The United States model" can't copy
It is understood that the 2000 ~ 2010 years, the United States shale gas output grew at an average annual rate of 47.7%. Now, shale gas production has accounted for 23% of the total us natural gas, the United States and therefore more than Russia to become one of the global natural gas first big resource countries and producers.
However, to participate in the summit's some experts said that the situation has difference, not blindly copy.
The first is the different geological conditions. Sinopec group company, deputy director of the science and technology ZhangYongGang pointed out that the American shale gas resource are mostly distributed in the Marine strata, belongs to the large area, wide deposit, and geological age is lighter, later geological transformation damage was smaller. China and the United States the most close to the conditions of the areas in sichuan basin, but buried deeper, it also causes the later transformation formation condition will be more complex.
In addition, China's shale gas mining area are mostly distributed in the mountains and hills, equipment, transportation cost is higher, and the mountains a shortage of water resources, but also difficult to satisfy the current shale gas exploitation in hydraulic fracturing technology needs.
In addition to different geological conditions, China and the United States in the natural gas infrastructure also put in bigger difference.
The reporter understands, in the United States currently has 490000 kilometers of natural gas pipeline, and according to the plan, China to 2015 gas pipeline length can also reach 48000 km.
"China can't be done after pipeline construction to develop natural gas. Therefore, localization, distributed is inevitable choice. China national offshore oil corporation chief energy zonnekeyn researchers said.
ZhangYongGang also think, because China's natural gas pipeline network don't developed, so distributed energy should be the development of an important means of unconventional natural gas. For example, in a certain area developed shale gas, in local building distributed energy, can supply and heating and cooling.
Our priorities
In addition to emphasizing the development of unconventional natural gas to adjust measures to local conditions, about unconventional gas developing different category priority, also becomes the hot topic of discussion on the summit.
From the situation, in the dense gas, shale gas and coalbed methane (CBM) these three kind of unconventional natural gas, dense gas at present the highest yield, but shale gas of the fastest developing speed. The United States energy information agency forecast in 2013, shale gas will account for 35% of the total us natural gas, by 2030 will rise to 55%.
So, for China, should give top priority to development which kind of unconventional natural gas?
Petrochina group company development strategy marshal TangTingChuan think, in the short term, from the point of view of resources, and resources buried depth and mining difficulty to see, to promote the industrialization of unconventional natural gas should be as the key coalbed methane (CBM).
According to TangTingChuan introduction, buried in the 2000 m to shallow coalbed methane (CBM) is 36.8 trillion cubic meters, and shale gas reserves is 15 trillion ~ 30 trillion cubic meters, and buried more deep.
"We originally had been coalbed methane (CBM) resources can make very good, can't because of the development of shale gas, the results on the development of coalbed methane (CBM) chance to put the past." TangTingChuan said.
TangTingChuan said, the reason that shale gas than other unconventional natural gas development to slow some, it is to follow the resource utilization after first easy difficult, after the rule of poor rich. "If enthusiasm high, incite a lot of people came in, but they can't make money, can cause the decline of the industry earlier."
According to cnooc overseas new exploration project supervisor LiJinBo introduction, foreign enterprise or even sell some conventional oil and gas assets, steering shale gas, but finally went bankrupt because of capital chain rupture. Investigate its reason, mainly is the company master shale oil and gas assets is not a very good area.
China also faces the same risk. ZhangYongGang said, first is resource evaluation was not accurate enough. Secondly, in the engineering technology is facing a major problem. At present China play a horizontal well to 60 million ~ 80 million yuan, and the cycle is very long, often to do last year. By contrast, American each Wells is the cost of $2 million to $4 million, converted into renminbi not more than 30 million yuan, and a few months at a time.
"In the near term, the shale gas investment risk, the bank must careful." ZhangYongGang said.
System establishment is the key
In addition, there are experts at the summit called for, should change shale gas, coal-bed methane and unconventional gas development train of thought.
Zonnekeyn points out, from the development experience and geological theory perspective, shale gas and coalbed methane (CBM) don't like conventional natural gas that enrichment, relatively speaking is a "lean ore", this also makes the development of unconventional natural gas to follow different ideas.
The traditional oil and gas resources development is a high investment, high risk, high yields. But this development mode is not suitable for unconventional gas.
"Shale gas, coal-bed methane is lean ore, if must first exploration to a holistic planning, cost may never return not for so many years. China make coalbed methane (CBM) without success, because we use the conventional oil and gas development method to mining coalbed methane (CBM). In fact, the return of investment mode