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The second line of west-east gas is now the world's largest pipeline engineering, deep port sea pipe engineering project is the most special a feeder, on land spread nearly 5000 kilometers of the trunk, and came to shenzhen will "drilling" into the bottom of the sea, "stealth" 29 km and landed in Hong Kong.
Through pipe of the sea is the world's second busy gold waters, to avoid ten thousand tons of leviathan and anchor, pipe must be buried deep in the sea. Than in the land, on the ocean floor pipelaying face more challenges: pipeline buried depth to safe? Dig out of silt to where to polluting the environment? Typhoons that how to hedge? In such a busy narrow gold waters construction how to avoid every day thousands of ships with ships?
These problems are pipe builders dissolve one by one, they not only ensure the engineering construction safety smooth advance, but also in the aspect of environmental protection by the national relevant competent department of the high praise.
From shenzhen fuyong wharf to sea, to the south 20 kilometers, can see the Chinese sea 101 laying ship huge figure. The ship was decked out with 8 only anchor stability ship, once upon a time anchor point to anchor point for 2 kilometers, staff calls it "tyrannize". It is for the second line of west-east gas deep port sea pipe engineering do the final sprint.
As of October 18,, by the China petroleum pipeline construction project management department is responsible for organizing the construction, China's oil Marine engineering co., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as the Chinese sea) for the construction of the deep port sea pipe construction have evolved to 26.2 kilometers, 2.8 kilometers with all through.
If all goes well, deep port sea pipe project will in the end of October complete mechanical construction, the end of the year will be put into use. This is the largest diameter of submarine pipeline, the biggest diameter of 914 mm, the 29 km, design years capacity of 6 billion cubic meters. At the appointed time, the natural gas from central Asia through this line of submarine pipeline into Hong Kong.
construction
Deep buried 20 meters 30 years not bad
Ordinary deep-sea oil pipeline, pipe after welding can sink to the sea, but this time laid sea tube, but need to deep buried in mud on the seabed under surface 7.5-8.2 meters, pipe through the sea passage, even deep embedment mud 16 to 20 meters. Therefore want to advance in the submarine dug deep groove.
Deep port sea pipe why the deep buried? The construction of the project ChenYuan said, deep sea port is very busy, ten thousand tons of leviathan shuttle meantime, once encounter problems in sea ships anchored, heavy anchor fall into the bottom of the sea, plunge into the mud, if sea tube not deep, very easy to anchor "plunge into an".
But the soft bottom silt still cannot ensure that sea tube "absolute safety", be monster drag anchor is likely to deep penetrate into the mud, and touch the pipeline. Therefore, in the pipeline spread into the ditch, must first backfill 0.5 meters of the thickness of the egg size (3-5 cm) the rubble, cover pipe; Rubble covered again above 2.5 meters thick big rocks, big rocks is greater than basketball on a circle (33-38 cm), but because the isolation gravel, won't bruising pipeline. Big rocks landfill, bottom silt to natural backfill several meters.
The stones consists of 3 m's hard cover, the sea pipe at the bottom can "sleep unconcerned". But also because of the word protection layer, makes the sea pipe once trouble, maintenance up was very difficult, a maintenance costs may cost 500 million - 1 billion yuan, can't even repair.
Therefore, put forward the constructors of entity engineering 30 years don't appear because of the quality problem and maintenance of the highest quality requirements. Engineering with high precision design, select the most high quality material, pipe welding, testing and corrosion is the highest specifications, ditching, laying, landfill's each link must be within the specifications.
Environmental protection
Black box photos to eliminate pollution
Trench buried pipe, on land is simple, in the bottom of the sea is not easy, deep port waters of the bottom silt is very soft, very easy to back silting. To make the pipe trench depth reach mud surface below 7.5 meters and 20 meters, groove 5 meters wide and keep the channel stability, you need in the mud surface dug open width up to 110 meters above DaoTiXing section of the pipe trench. Make the whole engineering dredging volume of 18.7 million cubic meters.
So many silt dug out, can't literally dumped. Marine department requirement, silt dug out after loaded on mud barge, to 75 km outside the designated area dumping, in order to prevent pollution.
To participate in the construction of the spoil units with more than 30, involving more than 200 ships. To prevent random dumping mud, in shenzhen sea, the maritime departments, under the support of deep port sea pipe project department requirements of each ship mud barge packed top track instrument and is similar to what airplane "black box" of Marine dumping recorder, may at any time tracking ship navigation path, open tank notes, etc.
Also set up two ship keep respectively in dredging point and throwing NiDian, mud barge must to the two supervision point report examined.
To prevent shipowner walk while dumping, into parts. Project department to come up with a coup: when mud barge full of sediment originate, take off at the starting point of the "line", again will picture spread to the end of the check boat. Mud barge while being inspected must first check "water line" whether have change.
traffic
Through the world's second busy sea area
"Cross licensing, to Hong Kong." Connection deep port in licensing waterway waters is the world's second busy waters, and the nearby shenzhen is the world's fourth largest container throughput of port, every day more than 2000 ships through. The so-called thousand sails boatrace, no exaggeration.
The Chinese sea 101 laying ship on-site command ZhangXiao introduction, body big medium oil sea 101 ship, 2 km cloth anchor area shrink to 600 m, but also protect the ship stability, anchor position difficulty is great, some "stretch does not open". In the half of the closure of navigation channel laying, the biggest risk comes from not closure of navigation side shuttle ships, especially ten thousand tons of monster.
Ten thousand tons of leviathan driving too fast will arouse the waves of the sea, making the Chinese sea 101 ship turbulence, influence laying accuracy; But if the reduction amble, underpowered, steering is not enough, once diverged route, and difficult to turn direction, hitting workboat are likely.
Hong Kong branch section of the construction ZhangZhiPeng came up with an idea, he also hired a few aircraft little tug, draw the great red banner "front construction, pay attention to avoid", around the construction area extraterritorial, off the passing vessels, in case of accidentally cut to medium oil sea 101 ship's anchor.