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World power experience shows that the rise of big all began in the ocean. Sea is strong, the country strong. To the sea and xing, back the sea and failure, this is a timeless iron law. The Chinese nation to realize the great Renaissance, must abandon the traditional heavy land light sea concept, proceed without hesitation to ocean, JingLve sea, and the sea rich countries, and the sea power. The 21st century is the human comprehensive development of the protection of the Marine in the new century. At present, the world has appeared blue economic wave, the ocean economy has been sustained growth and becoming a world economic new growth point. On September 1, morning, the field of ocean research famous experts, the state oceanic administration Marine development strategy research, researcher dr ZhangHaiWen deputy director at the international tourism island rostrum, titled "the world ocean situation and hot" seminar, systematically introduces the international ocean at present some of the basic state and hot issues do after the above conclusion.
Legal definition is allowed to replace use
"At present, the world has appeared blue economic wave, oceanic economy continued growth, has become a new growth point of the world economy, forming a more than 20 industries, the world's major ocean industries output value $2 trillion." ZhangHaiWen come straight to the point, now more and more people are interested in to the sea, may be some you know, some is not very understanding, therefore, it is necessary to introduce the basic situation of the ocean.
The sea is "the sea" and "foreign" body, with a total area of about 367 million square kilometers, accounting for about 71% of the earth's surface area, average depth of 3795 meters.
"Foreign" refers to the center of the Marine main part, of the vast area deep waters, accounts for about 89% of the total ocean, depth is in commonly 3000 meters, on earth there are Pacific, Atlantic ocean, Indian Ocean and arctic ocean and so on four oceans. "Sea" or "gulf" refers to the ocean around on the verge of land and more shallow waters, called the "sea", some water is deep into the inland also called bay, this part of the ocean accounted for about 11% of the total area, some sea or bay through the strait and ocean is linked together, according to the different locations, can be divided into marginal sea, the Mediterranean (intercontinental sea) and the inland sea. Marginal sea refers to the continental margin, a peninsula, islands and ocean off, like the east China sea, the south China sea is the edge of the Pacific Ocean sea, belongs to the part of the Pacific rim, is also an important part of.
"Over the past few years all kinds of media, newspapers and magazines on ocean the discussion questions more and more, also can see all kinds of expressions. But more and more, the legal definition of the concept and definition of the scope of the cover with specific, rigorous characteristic, do not get optional replace use or confusion." Zhang hai said, in geology, geography, politics, economics, and other disciplines, some words have different expressions, range, is very flexible, but legal language is more rigorous, have a clear position and range. Usually in the land go outside is coastal and offshore, coastal and offshore, continental shelf, corresponding legal term may be internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, continental shelf. For example, from the baselines of the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone fixed have 200 nm. This part belong to national jurisdiction, is in the coastal state jurisdiction, and then went to far away, natural geography Angle is high seas, deep sea, ocean, ocean, corresponding to the legal geographical scope is the high seas and international sea area. The two parts are owned by the state outside the scope of jurisdiction.
The main security threat comes from the ocean direction
ZhangHaiWen think, the human the strategic status of the ocean with deepening understanding, in 1992 the world environment development congress later, people realize the ocean be life support system is an important part of the sustainable development of the valuable space and wealth. At the same time, called on to the ocean, in addition to the development and utilization of outside, consider to protect the Marine, curing Marine resources.
"From Marine safety to see, and even the entire homeland security to see, at present, China's main security threat comes from the ocean direction." Zhang hai said, from the development of all countries in the world experience, power to rise from the ocean. All the world's powers are related to sea, and from the great importance to Marine start, this is a law of iron. From the study of development of all countries in the situation, to be a great nation, do you want to close the door to Marine no relationship can be powers are very few, and the will to decline, the history of our country also proved this point. In the Ming dynasty, the qing dynasty in China, more and more far away from the ocean, the decline. So, we draw a conclusion that, the Chinese nation to realize the great Renaissance must abandon ago heavy land light sea idea, is to to the ocean. She thinks, from the direction of land to our national security, national territorial sovereignty a safety factor is not without, but not too obvious, but the sea direction security threats, or security challenges are obvious, especially these years, Marine safety at the present stage are important to us.
"From a security point of view, the ocean is national security natural barrier, if the whole national comprehensive strength is not strong, it also may be invasion very convenient channel, so every coin has two sides." Zhang hai said, from 1800 in 1900 to 100 years, enemy invasion of China, the vast majority of mainly come from the sea, the land also has, as from Russia's direction, the direction from Siberia. But, mainly from the sea up. Greatly small invasion as many as a dozen times are up from the ocean. The first opium war, major violations of our homeland is from the sea, and the second opium war is also from the sea. Every time the outcome of the war is open trading ports, or loan some land, mainly is the rim. Therefore, strength strong ocean is national security natural barrier, if national strength weak is the invasion of the channel.
Our country in 100 the sea no defense, so, this is very miserable in 100. Everyone is fresh, so now we compare attaches great importance to the Marine, and remember this history is related.
The sea is natural resources treasure house
Zhang hai said, from the point of view of resources, the sea to the land resources more and more exhaustion is the treasure house of replacement. At present can be used as a human consumption, life can not be separated from the more than 800. The Marine fishery resources can always catch quantity about 200 million to 300 million tons, the fishing quantity of about 100 million tons. China is the world's first fishery power, Marine aquaculture quantity of more than 14 million tons more than the amount of fishing. Our along the